Based on insights from medical experts and nutritionists, here are nine foods to limit or avoid if you have hypothyroidism:

1. Soy-Based Foods

Soy contains isoflavones, compounds that can disrupt iodine absorption, which is essential for thyroid health. Foods like tofu, soy milk, and edamame may affect the absorption of thyroid medication, particularly when consumed close to dosage times.

Tip: Wait at least four hours after eating soy-based foods before taking your medication. Consider alternatives like lentils or chickpeas for plant-based protein.

2. Cruciferous Vegetables

Raw cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts, contain goitrogens, which may hinder iodine utilization. Large quantities of raw vegetables can suppress thyroid function.

Tip: Cooking these vegetables reduces goitrogens, making them safer for moderate consumption.

3. Gluten

For those with hypothyroidism, especially Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, gluten can exacerbate inflammation and interfere with medication absorption.

Tip: If you suspect sensitivity, consider testing for celiac disease. Opt for gluten-free grains like quinoa or rice if necessary.

4. Processed Foods

Processed foods are often high in sodium, which can worsen hypothyroidism-related risks like high blood pressure. They are also low in essential nutrients and can contribute to inflammation.

Tip: Focus on whole, minimally processed foods like fresh fruits and vegetables instead.

5. Sugary Foods

With hypothyroidism slowing metabolism, sugary foods like candy, pastries, and soda can contribute to weight gain and energy fluctuations.

Tip: Satisfy your sweet cravings with natural options like berries or honey.

6. High-Fat Foods

Fried foods, fatty meats, and spreads like butter may interfere with thyroid medication absorption and reduce thyroid hormone production efficiency.

Tip: Choose lean proteins and cook with heart-healthy oils such as olive or avocado oil.

7. Coffee

Caffeine can block the absorption of thyroid medication if consumed too soon after taking it.

Tip: Take your medication with water and wait at least 30 minutes before drinking coffee.

8. Alcohol

Alcohol can disrupt thyroid hormone levels and impair the thyroid’s ability to produce hormones, potentially worsening hypothyroidism symptoms.

Tip: Limit alcohol intake or avoid it entirely to support thyroid function.

9. Certain Fruits and Nuts

Goitrogenic fruits like peaches, pears, and strawberries, as well as nuts like almonds and walnuts, may interfere with iodine absorption.

Tip: Opt for antioxidant-rich fruits like blueberries or cherries, and enjoy nuts in moderation.