The thought of an asteroid colliding with Earth is the stuff of science fiction, but for astronomers studying Bennu, a 500-meter-wide asteroid, this scenario is a real—though highly unlikely—concern. A recent scientific simulation of a potential September 2182 impact paints a chilling picture: devastating climate shifts, massive global disruptions, and long-term environmental consequences.

While the likelihood of impact remains low—approximately 1 in 2,700 (0.037%), researchers are not taking any chances. Their computer models simulate what would happen if Bennu were to crash into our planet, and the findings are nothing short of terrifying.

The Impact Event: What Would Happen?

If Bennu were to collide with Earth, the sheer force of the impact would be immense. Scientists estimate that it would release energy equivalent to 24 times the power of the largest nuclear bomb ever detonated. The blast radius alone would devastate an area the size of an entire country, instantly wiping out millions of lives.

However, the real catastrophe wouldn’t be the explosion itself but what follows. The impact would eject between 100 to 400 million tons of dust into Earth’s atmosphere, triggering a global climate crisis.

Climate Consequences: A Mini Ice Age

The dust cloud produced by the impact would block out sunlight for months or even years, causing global temperatures to plummet by an estimated 4 degrees Celsius. Scientists compare this effect to the aftermath of massive volcanic eruptions like Mount Tambora in 1815, which led to the infamous “Year Without a Summer”—a time of widespread food shortages and extreme weather.

With less sunlight reaching Earth’s surface, photosynthesis would slow down dramatically, affecting crops, forests, and marine ecosystems. Experts estimate that plant growth could decline by 20-30% worldwide, while oceanic food chains could collapse due to the loss of phytoplankton.

Ozone Layer Damage and Acid Rain

Adding to the devastation, the asteroid’s impact would send nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, leading to a 32% depletion of the ozone layer. With less ozone protecting us, harmful UV radiation from the Sun would increase, heightening risks of skin cancer, genetic mutations, and damage to plant life.

Moreover, acid rain would follow, as sulfur compounds mix with atmospheric moisture, further polluting water sources and damaging infrastructure.

Global Food Shortages and Economic Collapse

With reduced sunlight, disrupted agriculture, and collapsing ecosystems, a severe food crisis would emerge. Grain production—the backbone of human food supply—would plummet, leading to skyrocketing food prices and widespread famine.

Economic instability would soon follow, with nations struggling to cope with resource scarcity, social unrest, and international conflicts over dwindling food and water supplies.

Can We Stop Bennu?

Despite the low probability of impact, scientists stress the importance of planetary defense strategies. Missions like NASA’s OSIRIS-REx, which collected samples from Bennu, help us understand the asteroid’s composition, potentially guiding future efforts to deflect or destroy it.

NASA and other space agencies are already testing asteroid-deflection technologies, such as kinetic impactors (crashing spacecraft into asteroids to alter their trajectory) and gravity tractors (using spacecraft to gradually “pull” an asteroid away from its path).

Final Thoughts: Should We Be Worried?

The chance of Bennu hitting Earth is extremely small, but the research highlights the catastrophic impact an asteroid of this size could have. The findings serve as a reminder that planetary defense is not just science fiction—it’s a necessity.