Like other household appliances, hot water heaters require regular maintenance and cleaning to function efficiently. These devices are essential in every home, especially during the cold winter months. With just 15–20 minutes of heating, you can enjoy hot water before showering, making life much more convenient.

However, many people overlook the importance of cleaning their hot water heaters. Similar to a kettle, over time, the inside of a water heater can accumulate significant limescale and mineral deposits. This is primarily caused by minerals in the water, such as calcium and iron. When exposed to high temperatures, these metal ions react with the metal components inside the heater and form sediment or scale deposits.

The buildup of these deposits can lead to several issues. It can block water flow, reduce the amount of water available, and lower the heating efficiency of the appliance. In areas with hard water, the metal heating elements may even corrode. Over time, this can lead to holes, cracks, or leaks, posing electrical hazards. Therefore, regular cleaning and maintenance are crucial for ensuring your hot water heater operates safely and efficiently.

Fortunately, cleaning a hot water heater is not overly complicated. By understanding the structure of your appliance, you can remove deposits without professional help.

Most hot water heaters have a sediment drain valve. Simply opening this valve allows the accumulated deposits to flow out.

Step-by-Step Cleaning Guide:

1. Turn Off the Power and Water Supply: Before cleaning, always disconnect the heater from electricity and shut off the water supply. Then, drain all the hot water from the tank.

2. Disconnect Pipes and Safety Valves: Gradually remove the water inlet and outlet pipes along with the safety valve.

3. Open the Sediment Drain Valve: Once the tank is empty, gently open the drain valve located near the water inlet and outlet pipes. Handle it carefully, as it is often connected to a magnesium rod, which protects uncoated areas of the tank from corrosion. This rod helps prevent rusting and prolongs the life of the heater’s interior.

4. Flush the Tank: Attach a hose to the water inlet and let cold water flow into the tank. This will push the remaining sediment out through the drain valve. Flushing for 1–2 minutes is usually sufficient to remove most deposits.

5. Reassemble the Heater: Close the drain valve, remove the hose, and reattach the pipes and safety valve to their original positions.

6. Check the Magnesium Rod: Before reinstalling, clean the magnesium rod. If more than 60% of it is corroded, it should be replaced to prevent further damage to the tank.

7. Clean the Exterior: Wipe the outer surface with a cloth. For stubborn stains, a specialized cleaner can be used, followed by drying with a clean cloth.

8. Refill and Test the Heater: Open the hot water valve to release air while letting cold water fill the tank. When the water flows smoothly without air bubbles, close the valve. Reconnect electricity and use a tester to ensure there are no electrical leaks. Check the water temperature to confirm proper operation.

It is recommended to clean your hot water heater 1–2 times a year to keep it in good condition.

Important Note: Each water heater model has a slightly different design. Before attempting to clean your heater, familiarize yourself with its structure to avoid damaging the device and to ensure easy reassembly. Regular maintenance not only extends the life of your appliance but also ensures safer and more efficient operation.