Common Habit Linked to 45% Higher Risk of Prostate Cancer in Men

Prostate cancer stands as the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide, with lifestyle choices playing a significant role in its development. Recent studies have highlighted that certain habits can substantially increase the risk of prostate cancer, with some behaviors linked to a 45% higher risk of developing the disease.


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The Impact of Smoking

Among the modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer, smoking has been shown to have an association with prostate cancer incidence and mortality. A meta-analysis of 24 cohort studies revealed that there was no increased risk or incidence of prostate cancer among current smokers, but the risk increased with the amount smoked. Furthermore, ex-smokers had increased risk of prostate cancer, and heavy smokers had a 24–30% increased risk of prostate cancer-related deaths. ​PubMed+2NCBI+2PMC+2

Another study found that current smokers reported less PSA testing than non-smokers, and the positive associations between smoking and prostate cancer mortality may be due in part to later diagnosis and treatment of these cancers among smokers. ​PMC

Alcohol Consumption and Prostate Cancer Risk

The relationship between alcohol consumption and prostate cancer risk has been a subject of extensive research. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 340 studies noted that there was a significant dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and prostate cancer risk. The risk increases with increasing volume of alcohol intake when compared to non-drinkers. ​NCBI

Additionally, a meta-analysis reported that increased prostate cancer risk was related to higher levels of alcohol consumption. Heavier drinking and earlier life exposures were shown to be associated with an increased risk of high-grade disease, though not low-grade prostate cancer. ​PMC

The Role of Diet and Obesity

Dietary factors also play a crucial role in prostate cancer risk. Men who consume a lot of dairy products may have a slightly higher chance of getting prostate cancer. Some studies have suggested that men who consume a lot of calcium (through foods or supplements) may have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer. However, most studies have not found such a link with the levels of calcium found in the average diet.  

Obesity does not seem to increase the overall risk of getting prostate cancer. Some studies have found that men with obesity have a lower risk of getting a low-grade (slower-growing) form of the disease, but a higher risk of getting more aggressive (faster-growing) prostate cancer. The reasons for this are not clear. ​

The Importance of Regular Screening

Regular prostate cancer screenings are vital for early detection and prevention. A study conducted by Erasmus MC Cancer Institute in the Netherlands tracked 72,460 men and showed that non-attenders of screenings had a significantly higher mortality risk. In contrast, screening invitations and attendance correlated with a 23% lower risk of death. ​New York Post

Researchers emphasize the need for better understanding and strategies to improve screening attendance, as early diagnosis and treatment access via PSA screenings can markedly reduce mortality. ​New York Post

Conclusion

Prostate cancer risk is influenced by various lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, obesity, and screening habits. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol, maintaining a balanced diet, and undergoing regular screenings can significantly reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer. Men are encouraged to consult with healthcare professionals to assess their risk and take proactive steps toward prevention.