There is no way to prevent breast cancer completely, but there are things you can do to reduce your risk.

Routine screenings and lifestyle changes help detect and treat breast cancer early.12 A doctor may recommend medications, surgery, and close observation if you are at high risk.32

1. Screenings

Routine breast cancer screening is recommended for women starting at age 40.4

Common breast cancer screening tests include:51

• Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Breast ultrasound
• Clinical breast exam to check for lumps or any breast changes
• Genetic testing to check if you have the BRCA gene, which increases breast cancer risk
• A mammogram, which takes an X-ray of your breast

These screenings can detect breast cancer early. There is also the risk of overdiagnosis or false-positive results.1 

2. Lifestyle Changes

Lifestyle and dietary changes that can minimize your risk include:26

• Avoid smoking: Cigarettes contain carcinogens that can increase the risk of mutations in breast tissue. A doctor, a mental health specialist, and loved ones can help you avoid smoking.
• Choose medications wisely: Diethylstilbestro, oral contraceptives, and hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) are linked to higher breast cancer risk. Talk to a doctor about safer alternatives if you are at high risk.7
• Eat nutritious foods: Eating fruits, vegetables, and calcium-rich dairy may lower breast cancer risk. Avoiding high-fat, high-sodium, and high-sugar processed foods may also help.
• Increase physical activity: Aim for 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week.8
• Limit alcohol intake: Even small amounts of alcohol are linked to increased breast cancer risk. Women at high risk may benefit from avoiding alcohol entirely.
• Maintain a weight that's right for you: Obesity is linked to higher breast cancer risk, especially during or after menopause. Ask a doctor for a personalized plan to maintain a healthy weight.9

3. Medications

Certain medications may reduce the risk of breast cancer in high-risk groups:32

• Aromatase inhibitor (AIs): Reduce the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal people
• Evist (raloxifene): Blocks the action of estrogen on breast tissue
• Soltamo (tamoxifen): Commonly prescribed for perimenopausal people

 

4. Surgery and Procedures

Some people with a high risk of breast cancer may benefit from preventive surgery. It may involve removal of the ovaries (the primary organs that produce estrogen) or the breast (known as a prophylactic mastectomy).2 

These procedures are not completely preventative and may have side effects. Discuss with a doctor whether they are safe and right for you.  

5. Close Observation

Doctors sometimes place people with high cancer risk on surveillance or close observation. They will regularly observe and assess your health status every 6-12 months. These appointments will typically involve screenings like a mammography and breast MRI.2

Who Is Most at Risk for Breast Cancer?

About 99% of breast cancers occur in women, as opposed to 0.5-1% in men.10 Women have more breast cells that are vulnerable to the hormones estrogen and progesterone.6 

Although a small number of breast cancer cases are in people younger than 45 years old, breast cancer can occur at any point in life.11

Other risk factors for breast cancer may include:5610

• Breast therapy
• Contraceptive or HRT use
• Dense breast tissue
• First period at an early age (i.e., before 12 years old)
• Giving birth for the first time after 30 years old or never giving birth
• Mutations in the BRCA genes
• A personal or family history of breast disease, breast cancer, or ovarian cancer

Discuss With Your Healthcare Provider

Most people do not know whether they have a high risk of breast cancer. Consider speaking with a doctor, who can help assess your risk. Provide as much information as possible, such as your lifestyle habits, personal or family history, and symptoms.9

It is still important to work with a healthcare team if you already know your breast cancer risk status. A doctor may prescribe medications or surgery to reduce your risk.13

You may visit a registered dietitian nutritionist if you need help making dietary changes. A mental health specialist who specializes in substance use can also be helpful if you want to avoid alcohol or tobacco.13

A Quick Review

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers, especially in women. There is no way to prevent breast cancer completely, but you can lower your risk.

It can be worrisome to know you are at risk of breast cancer. Seek care from a healthcare team if you are looking for support on how to lower your risk or have questions.