1. Urinary Issues

Urinary incontinence is a common physical symptom of dementia, particularly in its later stages. A person may forget they need to use the bathroom, struggle to locate it—especially in unfamiliar environments—or be unable to get there in time. This can lead to embarrassment, emotional distress, and a growing need for caregiving support.

2. Difficulty with Everyday Tasks

Simple, familiar tasks such as getting dressed, cooking a meal, or bathing may become confusing or overwhelming. The brain's ability to process sequences and remember steps begins to break down, which may result in skipping important actions or performing them in the wrong order.

As these difficulties increase, so does the person's reliance on caregivers—marking the progressive nature of the condition.

3. Alzheimer’s-Specific Symptoms and Oral Health

Alzheimer’s disease—the most common cause of dementia—impairs memory, planning, and organizational skills.

Interestingly, maintaining oral health may play a role in brain health. Studies have found that bacteria linked to gum disease have also been discovered in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients. These bacteria produce harmful substances that may damage brain cells and contribute to the buildup of proteins responsible for memory loss and cognitive decline.

Poor oral hygiene may allow these bacteria to enter the bloodstream and reach the brain, underlining the importance of dental care in reducing the risk of neurodegeneration.

4. Inappropriate or Uncharacteristic Behavior

A person with dementia may begin acting in ways that seem socially inappropriate or out of character. This symptom, known as disinhibition, occurs when changes in the brain affect impulse control.

They may make rude comments, act impulsively, or behave inappropriately in social situations. While unsettling, these actions are not intentional—they’re the result of neurological decline.

5. Problems with Visual-Spatial Skills

Dementia can also affect the brain’s ability to process space and visual information. Individuals may misjudge distances, struggle with depth perception, or have trouble recognizing familiar faces and objects.

This decline increases the risk of getting lost, makes driving dangerous, and can even interfere with reading or everyday mobility. As the condition worsens, confusion about surroundings can lead to anxiety and disorientation.

6. Sleep Disturbances

Sleep problems are common among people with dementia. These may include difficulty falling asleep, frequent waking during the night, or confusion after dark. Some people may become especially restless or agitated in the evening—a pattern known as sundowning.

Even with a full night’s sleep, they may feel tired or drowsy during the day. These disruptions can worsen irritability and confusion, creating further challenges for both patients and caregivers.