Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world, affecting millions of people each year. While memory loss and confusion are the most well-known symptoms, there is a lesser-known symptom that tends to appear during the night: the sundown syndrome or "sundowning."

What Is Sundown Syndrome?

Sundown syndrome is a condition that affects some people with Alzheimer’s disease, causing increased confusion, anxiety, and agitation during the late afternoon and evening hours. This phenomenon can be particularly challenging for both patients and caregivers, as it interferes with rest and overall quality of life.

Causes of Sundown Syndrome

Although the exact cause of sundown syndrome is not fully understood, several factors may contribute to its development:

• Disruptions in the biological clock: People with Alzheimer’s may have difficulty distinguishing between day and night, which can disrupt their sleep-wake cycle.

• Fatigue: Accumulated tiredness throughout the day can contribute to increased confusion and anxiety.

• Lack of natural light: Reduced exposure to natural light in the evening can exacerbate symptoms, as light plays a key role in regulating the circadian rhythm.

Symptoms of Sundown Syndrome

The symptoms of sundown syndrome can vary from person to person, but they generally include:

• Increased agitation and irritability

• Heightened anxiety

• Worsened confusion

• Difficulty sleeping

• Aggressive or erratic behavior

Strategies to Manage Sundown Syndrome

While there is no cure for sundown syndrome, there are several strategies that can help mitigate its effects:

• Maintain a consistent routine: Establishing regular times for meals, activities, and sleep can help reduce confusion and provide a sense of stability for the person affected.

• Increase exposure to natural light: Ensure the person receives enough natural light during the day, especially in the morning. This can help reset their internal clock and improve their sleep-wake cycle.

• Create a calm environment: Reducing noise and distractions in the late afternoon and evening can help calm the individual and create a more peaceful atmosphere.

• Avoid caffeine and sugar: Limiting the intake of stimulants like caffeine and sugar can help improve the quality of sleep and reduce nighttime agitation.

• Relaxation techniques: Practices such as deep breathing exercises, playing soft music, or giving massages can help reduce anxiety and promote relaxation before bedtime.

The Importance of Early Diagnosis

Recognizing and addressing the symptoms of sundown syndrome early on is crucial for improving the quality of life for both individuals with Alzheimer’s and their caregivers. If you suspect that a loved one is experiencing these symptoms, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and management plan.

Conclusion

Sundown syndrome is a lesser-known but significant symptom of Alzheimer’s disease that can greatly impact a person’s quality of life. By implementing effective strategies and seeking professional help, it is possible to better manage this challenge and create a more comfortable and safe environment for those affected. Awareness and understanding of this symptom are essential steps toward better care and support for individuals with Alzheimer’s.